镉胁迫对两种海洋微藻生长和抗氧化系统的影响

采用实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了不同含量Cd（Ⅱ）（0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L）对两种海洋微藻的可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（MDA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量的影响。结果表明：0.05 mmol/L的Cd（Ⅱ）对湛江等鞭金藻Isochrysis zhan-jiangensis的生长无明显影响,与对照组相比,可溶性蛋白含量略微增加,而高浓度（〉0.05 mmol/L）的Cd（Ⅱ）对湛江等鞭金藻的生长有显著抑制作用,可溶性蛋白含量也迅速减少;普通小球藻Chlorella vul-garis的生长也明显受到Cd（Ⅱ）的抑制,可溶性蛋白含量减少。Cd（Ⅱ）胁迫抑制了两种藻类的SOD活性;随着Cd（Ⅱ）浓度增加,普通小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的H2O2和MDA含量升高,普通小球藻的GSH含量升高,而湛江等鞭金藻的GSH含量在低浓度Cd（Ⅱ）胁迫下有所升高,高浓度时则下降。Cd（Ⅱ）胁迫对普通小球藻和湛江等鞭金藻的生长和抗氧化系统都产生了一定程度的影响。     

平板光生物反应器光径对金藻生长及有机物质积累的影响积累的影响（英文）

[目的]为金藻（Isochrysis galbana Parke）的大规模培养、药用研究及开发利用提供参考。[方法]在不同光径平板生物反应器中培养金藻,并对藻细胞的生长状况和细胞内的有机物质含量进行了分析。[结果]藻细胞的生长速率及单位体积产量随光径的减小而增大;单位面积产量随光径的增大而增大;光径越小的生物反应器中培养的金藻藻细胞内的总脂、蛋白质及多糖占细胞干重的总量越高。[结论]根据生产需要选择合适的生物反应器,可有效提高生产效率、降低生产成本。     

金藻3011和8701与球等鞭金藻的18S rRNA基因研究

对金藻3011和8701的18S rRNA基因序列进行测定,分别获得1695 bp和1684 bp的DNA序列。应用DNAMAN,DNAstar和RnaViz 2.0生物软件,将获得的DNA序列与球等鞭金藻的18S rRNA基因序列进行DNA序列和RNA二级结构对比分析。DNA序列分析显示,三者的18S rRNA基因序列非常保守,相似性在99.5%以上,三者应同为球等鞭金藻;RNA二级结构分析显示,三者的RNA二级结构既存在球等鞭金藻种的特异性茎环结构,又存在明显的差异,并且从相近水域(山东)分离出来的3011和8701相对于采自挪威水域的球等鞭金藻具有更大的结构相似性;相对于3011,8701可能与球等鞭金藻具有更高的同源性。由此可见,单纯的18S rRNA基因序列分析可能不适用于球等鞭金藻种下水平的研究,但是其RNA二级结构分析对球等鞭金藻的物种鉴定,甚至是种下地理株的研究都具有非常重要的意义。     

单胞藻的生产性培养技术

单胞藻类具有营养丰富,生长繁殖迅速,对环境适应性强和易培养的特点,是水产动物特别是贝类、甲壳类幼体的优质适口饵料。但由于天津地区海水透明度低,有机质含量、浮游动物、浮游植物丰富,进行藻类生产性培养困难很大,为此,2004年笔者以球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、小球藻( Chlorellasp.)、牟氏角毛藻( Chaetoceros miiellerilemmermann)、湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为试验藻种,研究了海水单胞藻类一级培养(保种)、二级培养(中继培养)、三级培养(生产性培养)的操作规程。探讨…     

Protein, carbohydrate, lipid and chlorophyll a content in Isochrysis aff. galbana (clone T-Iso) cultured with a low cost alternative to the f/2 medium

Growth, proximate composition and chlorophyll a content was estimated in static cultures of Isochrysis aff. galbana (clone T-Iso) to compare the quality and quantity of the biomass produced with an agricultural fertilizer medium versus f/2 medium. Culture of microalgae was done with controlled temperature, air flux of 4.5 l min⁻¹, salinity of 33‰ and an irradiance of 110±3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Daily samples from the cultures were taken to estimate cellular density, proximate composition and chlorophyll a content during 7 days. Mean cellular density from samples with f/2 medium and with agricultural fertilizer were similar (no significance at P≤0.05), and mean growth rates of 0.62 and 0.61 doubling per day, respectively. Maximum similar values of protein content of 7.3 and 7.6 pg per cell were estimated on the 5th day in f/2 and agricultural fertilizer medium, respectively. Carbohydrate and lipid content decreased during the first 5 days corresponding to the exponential growth in both experiments. Higher content of carbohydrate (no significance at P≤0.05) was found in both media during the first 2 days, after 4 days the carbohydrates reduced three times theirs concentrations. Generally lipid contents in the cultures with agricultural fertilizer were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than f/2 medium. The chlorophyll a content increased exponentially during the culture, and its concentration was similar in both experiments. In conclusion, the cellular density and the biochemical constituents were similar when using either media. This fertilizer can be used in the production of I. galbana (T-Iso) employed in aquaculture.     

2株微藻对养殖废水中氮磷去除率的影响

采用2株分离自海南海域的微藻——双眉藻(Amphora sp.BQW)和等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sp.HN)分别处理幼虾养殖废水。结果表明,双眉藻和等鞭金藻均能在幼虾养殖废水中生长,相对生长速率分别是0.168和0.05。培养8 d后,等鞭金藻和双眉藻对幼虾养殖废水总磷的去除率分别达到30.9%和70.9%,总氮的去除率分别为1.0%和28.7%,硝酸盐氮的去除率分别达到了72.0%和85.7%,亚硝酸盐氮无显著差异,而氨氮含量则显著升高。     

Use of biomass of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana in the nutrition of goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae as source of protein and vitamins

The effect of the replacement of fish protein hidrolizate and vitamin premix by freeze‐dried biomass of the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana in the feed for goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae was tested. Larvae (3.4±0.7 mg) were fed with three experimental microparticulated diets that differ from each other in the percentage of replacement of fish protein hidrolizate (25% or 100%) or vitamin premix by I. galbana biomass. The control diet and the diet containing microalgae biomass as a substitute of 25% of fish protein hidrolizate (MP₂₅) presented the highest survival, being almost 100%, with no significant differences between them. Survival in diets in which 100% of fish protein hidrolizate (MP₁₀₀) or vitamin premix (MV) had been substituted by microalgal biomass was 78% and 66% respectively. Growth, measured as weight, was lower than with the control diet in all treatments in which microalgal biomass was included, with lowest results being obtained with the MP₁₀₀ diet. Differences between treatments and control were lower when growth was measured as length. The harvesting and processing microalgae biomass is crucial to maintain the nutritive value and could be the cause for the obtained results.     

离子束诱变技术在海洋微藻培育中的应用

以球等鞭金藻Isochrysisgalbana3011(简称微藻3011)为材料,对其进行离子注入诱变体系的建立及注入后的生物学效应的初步研究。结果表明,用质量分数为10%的甘油培养液处理微藻3011,并收集藻泥均匀涂布于灭菌后的滤纸上,风干后进行离子注入,效果最为理想。不同剂量的N 注入后,微藻3011存活曲线呈先降后升再降的"马鞍型",即当N 注入量为(0～9.1)×1014ions/cm2时,存活率随注入剂量的增大而迅速下降;当N 注剂量为(9.1×1014)～(1.872×1015)ions/cm2时,存活率随注入剂量的增大而有所上升,但远低于对照组;当N 注入剂量增大到1.872×1014ions/cm2时,其存活率又开始逐渐下降。此结果与紫外线、γ-射线等其他射线辐照生物有机体存活曲线呈"肩型"或"直线型"不同,但与离子注入陆地生物有机体后的存活曲线相近。本研究旨为探讨离子束生物技术应用于海洋生物体遗传改良中的可行性,并为之提供科学依据。     

Effect of algal addition on stability of fatty acids and some water‐soluble vitamins in juvenile Artemia franciscana

A minor stabilization effect was found for the content of total lipids, total fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when Artemia franciscana was maintained at high concentrations of Isochrysis galbana for 72 h at 12 °C, both in 3‐ and 4‐day‐old individuals. The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) level was only stabilized at higher algal concentrations in the 4‐day‐old A. franciscana. In the 3‐day‐old A. franciscana, the EPA content increased at all algal concentrations during the first 24 h of post enrichment, presumably as an effect of DHA catabolism. Apparently, the 4‐day‐old A. franciscana metabolized DHA, and other lipids, faster than the 3‐day‐old A. franciscana did. During the 72 h incubation with I. galbana, the content of ascorbic acid (AA) in A. franciscana increased approximately to 1000–1200 μg g^–1 dry weight (DW) at algal concentrations above 3 mg C L^–1, close to AA content of the algae. The vitamin B₆ content in A. franciscana decreased from approximately 20 to 4–11 μg g^–1 DW, with highest loss rates at the higher algal concentrations. The thiamin content of A. franciscana was independent of algal concentration and remained at 20–30 μg g^–1 DW. The nutritional effects of the algal incubation on the 3‐ and 4‐day‐old A. franciscana at algal concentrations which can be used during the cultivation of Atlantic‐halibut larvae (<2 mg C L^–1) was insignificant, except for the small enrichment effect of AA already at 1 mg C L^–1. Other beneficial effects of the algae should not be ruled out, like possible effects on the microflora of A. franciscana even at algal concentrations less than 2 mg C L^–1.     

氮含量对等鞭金藻生长及生化组分的影响

[目的]为了确定利于等鞭金藻生长及不同生化组分积累的优化氮含量.[方法]采用流加培养方式和单因素考察,研究5种硝酸钠浓度时等鞭金藻生物量及细胞内生化组分含量随培养时间的变化趋势.[结果]在在流加培养方式下,适合等鞭金藻生长和细胞内蛋白质积累的硝酸钠含量为150 mg/L培养液;在含37.5 mg/L硝酸钠的培养液中,等鞭金藻细胞内的总脂含量在培养中期达到最高值;而在含75 mg/L硝酸钠的培养液中可溶性总糖和淀粉含量分别在培养的中后期和后期达到最大值.[结论]培养液中的氮含量对等鞭金藻细胞生长及细胞内生化组分的含量有重要影响.这可能由不同氮浓度下等鞭金藻的代谢途径发生变化所致.从等鞭金藻作为生物能源资源的角度考虑并兼顾生物量,应选择含75 mg/L硝酸钠的培养液培养等鞭金藻.